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In late July, Lenovo informed its customers it had stopped manufacturing with Bitland and was moving production of related devices to other suppliers. The company executive headquarters are in Morrisville, North Carolina , [] [] near Raleigh in the Research Triangle metropolitan area, [] in the United States. Previously the company’s U. About 70 people worked there.

In , Lenovo announced that it was consolidating its U. In the third quarter of , Lenovo commands a leading market share of Lenovo replaced the unprofitable Aluminum Corporation of China , a state-owned enterprise, on the list of 50 key companies on the Hong Kong stock exchange that constitute the Hang Seng Index. Being added to the Hang Seng Index was a significant boon for Lenovo and its shareholders as it widened the pool of investors willing to purchase Lenovo’s stock.

For instance, index funds pegged to the Hang Seng and pension funds that consider index inclusion now have the opportunity to invest in Lenovo. Yang, and 0. Some people have said we are a state-owned enterprise. The purpose of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to invest in this company was that they wanted to commercialize their research results. The Chinese Academy of Sciences is a pure research entity in China, owned by the government.

From this point, you could say we’re different from state-owned enterprises. Secondly, after this investment, this company is run totally by the founders and management team. The government has never been involved in our daily operation, in important decisions, strategic direction, nomination of the CEO and top executives and financial management. Everything is done by our management team.

As of , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , owns In early , the U. State Department was harshly criticized for purchasing 16, computers from Lenovo. Critics argued that Lenovo was controlled by the Chinese government and a potential vehicle for espionage against the United States. Yang spoke out forcefully and publicly to defend Lenovo. He said, “We are not a government-controlled company.

Those firms had the full backing of the state while Lenovo received no special treatment. Yang worried that fears about Lenovo’s supposed connections to the Chinese government would be an ongoing issue in the United States. Yang worked to ease worries by communicating directly with Congress. Yang dramatically increased his ownership stake by acquiring million shares in As of June , Yang owned an 8 percent stake in Lenovo. He previously owned only 70 million shares.

In a statement, Yang said, “While the transaction is a personal financial matter, I want to be very clear that my decision to make this investment is based on my strong belief in the company’s very bright future. Our culture is built on commitment and ownership — we do what we say, and we own what we do.

My decision to increase my holdings represents my steadfast belief in these principles. Lenovo’s senior executives, including many non-Chinese, rotate between two head offices, one in Beijing and the other in Morrisville, North Carolina, and Lenovo’s research and development center in Japan.

Two foreigners [ clarification needed ] have previously served as Lenovo’s CEO. Yang Yuanqing is the chairman and chief executive officer of Lenovo. One of his major achievements was leading Lenovo to become the best-selling personal computer brand in China since In , Business Week named him one of Asia’s rising stars in business.

Ward, Jr. Ward was succeeded by Bill Amelio on 20 December Yang was chairman of Lenovo’s board from to , and returned as chairman in alongside his role as CEO. According to Lenovo spokesman, Jeffrey Shafer, Yang felt that it would be the right thing to, “redirect [the money] to the employees as a real tangible gesture for what they done.

This was almost equivalent to a monthly salary of an average worker in China. Liu Chuanzhi is the founder and chairman of Lenovo. Liu was trained as an engineer at a military college and later went on to work at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Like many young people during the Cultural Revolution, Liu was denounced and sent to the countryside where he worked as a laborer on a rice farm. Liu claims Hewlett-Packard as a key source of inspiration. In an interview with The Economist he stated that “Our earliest and best teacher was Hewlett-Packard. I was wearing an old business suit of my father’s and I sat in the back row.

It was unthinkable. In early , Lenovo announced the addition of Yahoo founder Jerry Yang to its board. Speaking of both men Yang Yuanqing said, “We believe that they will add a great deal to our strategic thinking, long-term direction and, ultimately, our ability to achieve our aspirations in the PC plus era. In , Lenovo became the first personal computer manufacturer to divide countries into emerging markets and mature markets.

Lenovo then developed a different set of strategies for each category. Lenovo’s competitors have widely adopted the same approach [19] In , Lenovo made a major effort to expand its market share in developing economies such as Brazil and India through acquisitions and increased budgets for marketing and advertising. In October , Lenovo announced that it had hired American actor Ashton Kutcher as a product engineer and spokesman. David Roman, Lenovo’s chief marketing officer, said, “His partnership goes beyond traditional bounds by deeply integrating him into our organization as a product engineer.

Ashton will help us break new ground by challenging assumptions, bringing a new perspective and contributing his technical expertise to Yoga Tablet and other devices. When asked about Lenovo’s brand Yang Yuanqing said, “The Beijing Olympics were very good for brand awareness in countries like the US and Argentina, but not good enough. Lenovo’s sponsorship will last at least three years. And for the MotoGP it will become main sponsor for the Bolognese.

Lenovo and FC Internazionale , in , have signed a multi-year sponsorship agreement that makes Lenovo the Global Technology Partner of the Nerazzurri company. The film depicted a mysterious young woman using the IdeaPad Yoga 13 to stay one-step-ahead of her evil pursuers. Martin Campbell , who previously worked on action movies and James Bond films such as GoldenEye and the remake of Casino Royale, shot this film.

Lenovo was the first Chinese company to make use of such marketing techniques. In its home market China, Lenovo has a vast distribution network designed to make sure that there is at least one shop selling Lenovo computers within 50 kilometers of nearly all consumers. Lenovo has also developed close relationships with its Chinese distributors, who are granted exclusive territories and only carry Lenovo products.

As of July , Lenovo believes that urbanization initiatives being pushed by Premier Li Keqiang will allow it to sustain sales growth in China for the foreseeable future. Speaking at Lenovo’s annual general meeting in Hong Kong in , Yang Yuanqing said: “I believe urbanisation will help us further increase the overall [domestic] PC market.

Lenovo previously benefited from the Chinese government’s rural subsidies, part of a wider economic stimulus initiative, designed to increase purchases of appliances and electronics. That program, which Lenovo joined in , ended in Lenovo enjoys consistent price premiums over its traditional competitors in rural markets and a stronger local sales and service presence. Lenovo has gained significant market share in India through bulk orders to large companies and government agencies.

Lenovo distributes most of the personal computers it sells in India through five national distributors such as Ingram Micro and Redington. Given that most smartphones and tablets are sold to individuals Lenovo is pursuing a different strategy making use of many small state-centric distributors.

Amar Babu, Lenovo’s managing director for India, said, “To reach out to small towns and the hinterland, we have tied up with 40 regional distributors.

We want our distributors to be exclusive to us. We will, in turn, ensure they have exclusive rights to distribute Lenovo products in their catchment area. In February , Lenovo established a relationship with Reliance Communications to sell smartphones. Babu claims that the relative under penetration of smartphones in India represents an opportunity for Lenovo.

Lenovo has assembled a team of senior managers familiar with the Indian market, launched mobile phones at all price points there, and worked on branding to build market share. Lenovo did marketing tests of its smartphones in November in Gujarat and some southern cities, where Lenovo already had a strong presence. Lenovo’s strategy has been to create awareness, maintain a broad selection of phones at all price points, and develop distribution networks. Lenovo partnered with two national distributors and over local distributors.

As of February , more than 7, retail outlets in India sold Lenovo smartphones. Lenovo has also partnered with HCL in order to set up service centres in cities.

In India, Lenovo grants distributors exclusive territories but allows them to sell computers from other companies. Lenovo uses its close relationships with distributors to gain market intelligence and speed up product development.

Canalys, a market research firm, said Lenovo took market share away from Apple and Samsung in the country. Lenovo first started doing business in South Africa , establishing a sales office, and then expanded to East African markets such as Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Rwanda. According to Lenovo’s general manager for Africa, Graham Braum, Lenovo’s strategy is to put “great emphasis on products that sell well in Africa” and roll out “products alongside different African governments’ rolling out of wireless technology”.

Products such as the Lenovo Yoga series are popular in Africa because of their long battery life, as many areas have unreliable electrical supply. Other popular products include the Lenovo netbooks, which were introduced in Lenovo picked Nigeria in to release its smartphone because unlike South Africa and other African countries, there is no requirement to partner with a local telecom firm to sell its phones. In the long term, according to Braum, “Lenovo in Africa will focus on continuing to consistently supply personal computer products and allow this market to grow, while moving into new territory such as mobile and enterprise.

It was part of Lenovo’s first-ever global branding campaign, beyond its domestic market in China. Lenovo also started manufacturing products in the United States in Lenovo launched a multi-year advertising campaign called “Goodweird” in the last half of Goodweird is designed to convey the idea that designs that seem strange initially often become familiar and widely accepted.

The Goodweird campaign includes a video with famous images of early attempts to fly with the aid of homemade wings and a bicycle that transitions to a modern-day shot of a man soaring across mountains in a wingsuit before transitioning again to a shot of the Stealth Bomber. Goodweird is part of Lenovo’s wider strategy to appeal to millennials with an emphasis on design trendsetters. A portion of the funding for Goodweird is being directed to prominent YouTubers and Viners.

BuzzFeed has been engaged to create relevant content. In February , Lenovo became the subject of controversy for having bundled software identified as malware on some of its laptops. The software, Superfish Visual Discovery, is a web browser add-on that injects price comparison advertising into search engine results pages. To intercept HTTPS -encrypted communications, the software also installed a self-signed digital certificate.

The head of Superfish responded to security concerns by saying the vulnerability was “inadvertently” introduced by Komodia, which built the application. From October through June , the UEFI firmware on certain Lenovo models had contained software known as “Lenovo Service Engine”, which Lenovo says automatically sent non-identifiable system information to Lenovo the first time Windows is connected to the internet, and on laptops, automatically installs the Lenovo OneKey Optimizer program software considered to be bloatware as well.

This process occurs even on clean installations of Windows. It was found that this program had been automatically installed using a new feature in Windows 8 , Windows Platform Binary Table , which allows executable files to be stored within UEFI firmware for execution on startup, and is meant to “allow critical software to persist even when the operating system has changed or been reinstalled in a ‘clean’ configuration”; specifically, anti-theft security software.

The software was discontinued after it was found that aspects of the software had security vulnerabilities, and did not comply with revised guidelines for appropriate usage of WPBT. At a third time in , criticism arose that Lenovo might have installed software that looked suspicious on their commercial Think-PC lines. This was discovered by Computerworld writer Michael Horowitz, who had purchased several Think systems with the Customer Feedback program installed, which seemed to log usage data and metrics.

Horowitz also criticized other media for quoting his original article and saying that Lenovo preinstalled spyware, as he himself never used that term in this case and he also said that he does not consider the software he found to be spyware. As of June , a Duo Labs report stated that Lenovo was still installing bloatware, some of which leads to security vulnerabilities as soon as the user turns on their new PC.

In February , Bloomberg Business reported that U. According to a testimony from the case in , “A large amount of Lenovo laptops were sold to the U. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine , Lenovo refused to join the international community and withdraw from the Russian market. Lenovo remains the only major Hong Kong-based company to have defied demands for exit or reduction of activities in Russia.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Chinese multinational technology company. Lenovo headquarters in Haidian District , Beijing. Romanized name. Traded as. Personal computers smartphones servers supercomputers peripherals printers televisions scanners storage devices. Operating income. Net income. Microsoft Cluster Server. Windows bit. Windows NT 4. Planned to be a major upgrade for Windows and Windows 98 later Windows Me , merged with Odyssey to form Whistler. Named after Whistler Blackcomb , where design retreats were held.

Windows XP Embedded. Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs. Named after the Longhorn Bar in the Whistler Blackcomb ski resort; initially planned as a “minor release” between “Whistler” and “Blackcomb” see below.

The purported successor to Whistler, and later, Longhorn. Blackcomb was later renamed to Vienna in January , named after the capital of Austria. Eventually cancelled and replaced by Windows 7. Windows Home Server Windows Essential Business Server.

The number 7 comes from the internal version number of Windows Vista incremented by one. Windows Embedded Standard 7.

Named after a location seen in Halo: Combat Evolved , near which Installation 04 orbits. Named after a fictional mineral from Minecraft.

Named after an island in Greece. Originally supposed to be a new OS to be released mid-late , was eventually canceled. Some of its features were integrated into Windows 11 and other products.

Named after the chemical element in the periodic table. Titanium is also the name of the 19H1 development semester. Vanadium is also the name of the 19H2 development semester. Named after the fictional metal Vibranium in Marvel Comics as continuing the previous line of chemical elements with Chromium could have caused confusion with the web browser project. Vibranium is also the name of the 20H1 development semester. Manganese is the name for the 20H2 development semester, builds from which were only released to the fast ring of the Insider program.

Iron is the name for the 21H1 development semester, builds from which were released to the Dev Channel as well as form the base of Windows Server Cobalt is the name for the 21H2 development semester, builds from which were released to the Dev Channel as well as form the base of Windows Nickel is the name for the 22H2 development semester, builds from which were released to the Dev Channel. Copper is the name for the 23H2 development semester.

Windows Embedded CE 6. Windows Embedded Compact 7. Windows Phone 7. A managed code operating system being developed by Microsoft with joint effort of Microsoft Research. Experimental operating system based on the Microsoft. NET platform, using software-based type safety as a replacement for hardware-based memory protection. Supposedly a family of multi-core technologies including an operating system, applications and development tools designed to make better use of today’s multi-core CPUs. Midori may be a part of this suite of new Microsoft technologies.

Part of Microsoft Azure , Microsoft’s cloud computing platform, that focuses on extended software development based on. NET Framework to the cloud. A rewrite of Microsoft’s web browser, based on the Chromium project. A security feature for running the Microsoft Edge web browser inside a virtual machine, thus isolating it from the rest of the system in the event that it was hacked. A security feature that checks and validates the integrity of Windows boot and system components.

A Windows 10 feature that enables hybrid devices to switch between tablet mode and desktop mode. An immediately manifest effect is the Start screen getting maximized in tablet mode. Full disk encryption feature introduced in Windows Vista and present in subsequent versions that utilizes the Trusted Platform Module to perform integrity checking prior to operating system startup.

An intelligent personal assistant included with Windows 10 , named after an artificial intelligence character in Halo. A Windows service and application programming interface for installing software on computers running Microsoft Windows operating systems. Terminal Services , Windows Terminal Server. Terminal Server adds “multiheading” support to Windows the ability to run multiple instances of the graphics subsystem , and the hydra is a mythological monster with multiple heads.

A new application framework on Windows 8 used to create cross-platform “immersive” apps. Windows PowerShell. Microsoft Security Essentials. Internet Explorer 1. Internet Explorer 1, first shipped in Microsoft Plus! Feature introduced in Windows Vista to support hybrid drives. Refers to Spartans in Halo.

Virtualization update for Windows Server A cancelled data storage and management system project based on relational databases , first demonstrated in as an advanced storage subsystem for the Microsoft Windows , designed for persistence and management of structured , semi-structured as well as unstructured data.

This is the standalone release of the tool for Reporting Services. It must not be confused with Report Builder 2. In-memory database engine built into SQL Server Public preview available for download. Announced at Microsoft Ignite event on September 24— Microsoft System Management Server 1. Microsoft Proxy Server 1. Active Directory Federation Services. Microsoft Message Queue Server.

Microsoft Transaction Server. Microsoft Forefront Protection Suite. The first version of Visual Basic. The standard dialogs and controls created by the Visual Basic runtime library all have “Thunder” as a prefix of their internal type names for example, buttons are internally known as ThunderCommandButton.

After Zamboni , an ice resurfacing machine. Microsoft Visual Studio Named for Boston, Massachusetts. Microsoft Visual Studio 6. Named after the popular ski destination Aspen, Colorado. The lightweight local Web server that is launched in Visual Studio in order to test Web projects. This is the name given to the Teamprise suite Microsoft acquired. Visual Studio LightSwitch. Visual Studio. NET Named for Mount Rainier , a volcanic mountain peak visible from the Seattle area where Microsoft is based.

Named after the town Everett, Washington in Washington state. Whidbey []. Visual Studio Named after Whidbey Island in the Puget Sound [] []. Named after Orcas Island in the Puget Sound.

Named after Camano Island in the Puget Sound. Visual Studio designer for building Windows Presentation Foundation applications, meant to be used by application developers. Monaco powers Visual Studio Code.

Enables the creation and consumption of OData services for the web. The operating system could alternatively be downloaded at any time using a separate “Media Creation Tool” setup program, that allows for the creation of DVD or USB installation media. In May , Microsoft announced that the free upgrade offer would be extended to users of assistive technologies ; however, Microsoft did not implement any means of certifying eligibility for this offer, which some outlets thereby promoted as being a loophole to fraudulently obtain a free Windows 10 upgrade.

Microsoft said that the loophole is not intended to be used in this manner. However, another loophole was found that allowed Windows 7 and 8. No word from Microsoft was given whether it will be closed [] and some outlets have continued to promote it as a free method of upgrading from the now-unsupported Windows 7.

During upgrades, Windows 10 licenses are not tied directly to a product key. Instead, the license status of the system’s current installation of Windows is migrated, and a “Digital license” known as “Digital entitlement” in version or earlier is generated during the activation process, which is bound to the hardware information collected during the process. If Windows 10 is reinstalled cleanly and there have not been any significant hardware changes since installation such as a motherboard change , the online activation process will automatically recognize the system’s digital entitlement if no product key is entered during installations.

However, unique product keys are still distributed within retail copies of Windows As with previous non-volume-licensed variants of Windows, significant hardware changes will invalidate the digital entitlement, and require Windows to be re-activated. Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows Update does not allow the selective installation of updates, and all updates including patches, feature updates, and driver software are downloaded and installed automatically.

Users can only choose whether their system will reboot automatically to install updates when the system is inactive, or be notified to schedule a reboot. Version allows wired Ethernet networks to be designated as metered, but Windows may still download certain updates while connected to a metered network. In version , by installing the August security update and later versions, driver and non-security updates pushed via Windows Update that are considered optional are no longer automatically downloaded and installed in their devices.

Updates can cause compatibility or other problems; a Microsoft troubleshooter program allows bad updates to be uninstalled. Under the Windows end-user license agreement , users consent to the automatic installation of all updates, features and drivers provided by the service, and implicitly consent “without any additional notice” to the possibility of features being modified or removed. Windows Update can also use a peer-to-peer system for distributing updates; by default, users’ bandwidth is used to distribute previously downloaded updates to other users, in combination with Microsoft servers.

Users can instead choose to only use peer-to-peer updates within their local area network. The original release of Windows 10 receives mainstream support for five years after its original release, followed by five years of extended support, but this is subject to conditions. Microsoft stated that these devices would no longer receive feature updates, but would still receive security updates through January The following table collects current status of the aforementioned updating and support of different branches of Windows Windows 10 is often described by Microsoft as being a “service”, as it receives regular “feature updates” that contain new features and other updates and fixes.

For example, version was released in September the ninth month of This was changed with the 20H2 release where “MM” represents the half of the year in which the update was released, for example H1 for the first half and H2 for the second half.

The pace at which feature updates are received by devices is dependent on which release channel is used. Each build of Windows 10 is supported for 18 months after its original release. Once a stable build is certified by Microsoft and its partners as being suitable for broad deployment, the build is then released on the “Semi-Annual Channel” formerly “Current Branch for Business”, or “CBB” , which is supported by the Pro and Enterprise editions of Windows The Windows Insider branches receive unstable builds as they are released; it is divided into two channels, “Dev” which receives new builds immediately after their release , and “Beta” whose releases are slightly delayed from their “Dev” release.

For this reason, it excludes Cortana, Microsoft Store, and all bundled Universal Windows Platform apps including but not limited to Microsoft Edge, hence these builds ship only with Internet Explorer as browser. In July , Microsoft announced changes in the terminology for Windows branches as part of its effort to unify the update cadence with that of Office ProPlus and Windows Server In February , Microsoft announced changes again in delivering updates in beginning of release of version : a single SAC will be released and SAC-T will be retired, and users are no longer able to switch to different channels.

Instead, these updates can be deferred from 30 to 90 days, or depending how the device was configured to deferred the updates. Feature updates prior to version are distributed solely as an in-place upgrade installation, requiring the download of a complete operating system package approximately 3. Unlike previous builds, version is designed primarily as an update rollup version of , focusing primarily on minor feature additions and enhancements.

For upgrades to from , a new delivery method is used where its changes were delivered as part of the monthly cumulative update, but are left in a dormant state until the update “enablement” patch is installed. The full upgrade process is still used for those using builds prior to In May , Microsoft unveiled Fluent Design System previously codenamed “Project Neon” , a revamp of Microsoft Design Language 2 that will include guidelines for the designs and interactions used within software designed for all Windows 10 devices and platforms.

The new design language will include the more prominent use of motion, depth, and translucency effects. Microsoft stated that the implementation of this design language would be performed over time, and it had already started to implement elements of it in Creators Update and Fall Creators Update. On December 7, , Microsoft announced that, as part of a partnership with Qualcomm, it planned to introduce support for running Win32 software on ARM architecture with a bit x86 processor emulator, in Terry Myerson stated that this move would enable the production of Qualcomm Snapdragon -based Windows devices with cellular connectivity and improved power efficiency over Intel-compatible devices, and still capable of running the majority of existing Windows software unlike the previous Windows RT , which was restricted to Windows Store apps.

Microsoft is initially targeting this project towards laptops. In August , Microsoft began testing changes to its handling of the user interface on convertible devices—downplaying the existing “Tablet Mode” option in favor of presenting the normal desktop with optimizations for touch when a keyboard is not present, such as increasing the space between taskbar buttons and displaying the virtual keyboard when text fields are selected. In April , the ability to run Linux applications using a graphical user interface , such as Audacity , directly in Windows, was introduced as a preview.

The basic hardware requirements to install Windows 10 were initially the same as those for Windows 8. As of the May update, the minimum disk space requirement has been increased to 32 GB. In addition, on new installations, Windows permanently reserves up to 7 GB of disk space in order to ensure proper installation of future feature updates.

The bit variants require a CPU that supports certain instructions. Some pre-built devices may be described as “certified” by Microsoft. Unlike Windows 8, OEMs are no longer required to make Secure Boot settings user-configurable, meaning that devices may optionally be locked to run only Microsoft-signed operating systems. Windows 10 version and later do not support Intel Clover Trail system-on-chips, per Microsoft’s stated policy of only providing updates for devices during their OEM support period.

Starting with Windows 10 version , Microsoft will require new OEM devices to use bit processors, and will therefore cease the distribution of x86 bit variants of Windows 10 via OEM channels. The bit variants of Windows 10 will remain available via non-OEM channels, and Microsoft will continue to “[provide] feature and security updates on these devices”.

The maximum amount of RAM that Windows 10 can support varies depending on the product edition and the processor architecture. Windows 10 supports up to two physical processors. Critics characterized the initial release of Windows 10 as being rushed, citing the incomplete state of some of the operating system’s bundled software, such as the Edge web browser, as well as the stability of the operating system itself on launch.

The Edge browser was praised for its performance, although it was not in a feature-complete state at launch. While considering them a “great idea in principle”, concerns were shown for Microsoft’s focus on the universal app ecosystem:. It’s by no means certain that developers are going to flock to Windows 10 from iOS and Android simply because they can convert their apps easily.

It may well become a no-brainer for them, but at the moment a conscious decision is still required. Engadget was similarly positive, noting that the upgrade process was painless and that Windows 10’s user interface had balanced aspects of Windows 8 with those of previous versions with a more mature aesthetic. Cortana’s always-on voice detection was considered to be its “true strength”, also citing its query capabilities and personalization features, but noting that it was not as pre-emptive as Google Now.

Windows 10’s stock applications were praised for being improved over their Windows 8 counterparts, and for supporting windowed modes. The Xbox app was also praised for its Xbox One streaming functionality, although recommending its use over a wired network because of inconsistent quality over Wi-Fi. In conclusion, it was argued that “Windows 10 delivers the most refined desktop experience ever from Microsoft, and yet it’s so much more than that. It’s also a decent tablet OS, and it’s ready for a world filled with hybrid devices.

And, barring another baffling screwup, it looks like a significant step forward for mobile. Heck, it makes the Xbox One a more useful machine. Ars Technica panned the new Tablet mode interface for removing the charms and app switching, making the Start button harder to use by requiring users to reach for the button on the bottom-left rather than at the center of the screen when swiping with a thumb, and for making application switching less instantaneous through the use of Task View.

Microsoft Edge was praised for being “tremendously promising”, and “a much better browser than Internet Explorer ever was”, but criticized it for its lack of functionality on-launch. In conclusion, contrasting Windows 8 as being a “reliable” platform albeit consisting of unfinished concepts, Windows 10 was considered “the best Windows yet”, and was praised for having a better overall concept in its ability to be “comfortable and effective” across a wide array of form factors, but that it was buggier than previous versions of Windows were on-launch.

Critics have noted that Windows 10 heavily emphasizes freemium services, and contains various advertising facilities. Some outlets have considered these to be a hidden “cost” of the free upgrade offer. Up to August , Windows 10 usage was increasing, with it then plateauing , [] while eventually in , it became more popular than Windows 7 [] [] though Windows 7 was still more used in some countries in Asia and Africa in As of March [update] , the operating system is running on over a billion devices, reaching the goal set by Microsoft two years after the initial deadline.

Twenty-four hours after it was released, Microsoft announced that over 14 million devices were running Windows According to StatCounter, Windows 10 overtook Windows 8.

For one week in late November , Windows 10 overtook first rank from Windows 7 in the United States, before losing it again. In mid-January , Windows 10 had a slightly higher global market share than Windows 7, [] with it noticeably more popular on weekends, [] while popularity varies widely by region, e.

Windows 10 was then still behind in Africa [] and far ahead in some other regions e. Windows 10 Home is permanently set to download all updates automatically, including cumulative updates, security patches, and drivers, and users cannot individually select updates to install or not.

Concerns were raised that because of these changes, users would be unable to skip the automatic installation of updates that are faulty or cause issues with certain system configurations—although build upgrades will also be subject to public beta testing via Windows Insider program. An example of such a situation occurred prior to the general release of the operating system, when an Nvidia graphics card driver that was automatically pushed to Windows 10 users via Windows Update caused issues that prevented the use of certain functions, or prevented their system from booting at all.

Criticism was also directed towards Microsoft’s decision to no longer provide specific details on the contents of cumulative updates for Windows Some users reported that during the installation of the November upgrade, some applications particularly utility programs such as CPU-Z and Speccy were automatically uninstalled during the upgrade process, and some default programs were reset to Microsoft-specified defaults such as Photos app, and Microsoft Edge for PDF viewing , both without warning.

Further issues were discovered upon the launch of the Anniversary Update “Redstone” , including a bug that caused some devices to freeze but addressed by cumulative update KB, released on August 31, , [] [] and that fundamental changes to how Windows handles webcams had caused many to stop working.

A Gartner analyst felt that Windows 10 Pro was becoming increasingly inappropriate for use in enterprise environments because of support policy changes by Microsoft, including consumer-oriented upgrade lifecycle length, and only offering extended support for individual builds to Enterprise and Education editions of Windows Critics have acknowledged that Microsoft’s update and testing practices had been affecting the overall quality of Windows In particular, it was pointed out that Microsoft’s internal testing departments had been prominently affected by a major round of layoffs undertaken by the company in Microsoft relies primarily on user testing and bug reports via the Windows Insider program which may not always be of sufficient quality to identify a bug , as well as correspondence with OEMs and other stakeholders.

In the wake of the known folder redirection data loss bug in the version , it was pointed out that bug reports describing the issue had been present on the Feedback Hub app for several months prior to the public release.

Following the incident, Microsoft updated Feedback Hub so that users may specify the severity of a particular bug report. When announcing the resumption of ‘s rollout, Microsoft stated that it planned to be more transparent in its handling of update quality in the future, through a series of blog posts that will detail its testing process and the planned development of a “dashboard” that will indicate the rollout progress of future updates.

Microsoft was criticized for the tactics that it used to promote its free upgrade campaign for Windows 10, including adware -like behaviors, [] using deceptive user interfaces to coax users into installing the operating system, [] [] [] [] downloading installation files without user consent, [] [] and making it difficult for users to suppress the advertising and notifications if they did not wish to upgrade to In September , it was reported that Microsoft was triggering automatic downloads of Windows 10 installation files on all compatible Windows 7 or 8.

Microsoft officially confirmed the change, claiming it was “an industry practice that reduces the time for installation and ensures device readiness. Other critics argued that Microsoft should not have triggered any downloading of Windows 10 installation files without user consent.

In October , Windows 10 began to appear as an “Optional” update on the Windows Update interface, but pre-selected for installation on some systems. A Microsoft spokesperson said that this was a mistake, and that the download would no longer be pre-selected by default.

In March , some users also alleged that their Windows 7 and 8. It was concluded that these users may have unknowingly clicked the “Accept” prompt without full knowledge that this would begin the upgrade. On January 21, , Microsoft was sued in small claims court by a user whose computer had attempted to upgrade to Windows 10 without her consent shortly after the release of the operating system. The upgrade failed, and her computer was left in a broken state thereafter, which disrupted the ability to run her travel agency.

However, in May , Microsoft dropped the appeal and chose to pay the damages. Shortly after the suit was reported on by the Seattle Times , Microsoft confirmed it was updating the GWX software once again to add more explicit options for opting out of a free Windows 10 upgrade; [] [] [] the final notification was a full-screen pop-up window notifying users of the impending end of the free upgrade offer, and contained “Remind me later”, “Do not notify me again” and “Notify me three more times” as options.

In March , Microsoft announced that it would display notifications informing users on Windows 7 devices of the upcoming end of extended support for the platform, and direct users to a website urging them to upgrade to Windows 10 or purchase new hardware. This dialog will be similar to the previous Windows 10 upgrade prompts, but will not explicitly mention Windows Privacy advocates and other critics have expressed concern regarding Windows 10’s privacy policies and its collection and use of customer data.

Users can opt out from most of this data collection, [] [] but telemetry data for error reporting and usage is also sent to Microsoft, and this cannot be disabled on non-Enterprise editions of Windows Rock Paper Shotgun writer Alec Meer argued that Microsoft’s intent for this data collection lacked transparency, stating that “there is no world in which 45 pages of policy documents and opt-out settings split across 13 different settings screens and an external website constitutes ‘real transparency’.

The Russian government had passed a federal law requiring all online services to store the data of Russian users on servers within the country by September or be blocked.

But Microsoft is held to a different standard than other companies”. The Microsoft Services agreement reads that the company’s online services may automatically “download software updates or configuration changes, including those that prevent you from accessing the Services, playing counterfeit games, or using unauthorized hardware peripheral devices. In September , Microsoft hid the option to create a local account during a fresh installation if a PC is connected to the internet.

This move was criticized by users who did not want to use an online Microsoft account. In late-July , Windows Defender began to classify modifications of the hosts file that block Microsoft telemetry servers as being a severe security risk. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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– Lenovo – Wikipedia

 

Microsoft Corporation adalah perusahaan multinasional Amerika Serikat yang berkantor pusat di Redmond , Washington , Amerika Serikat yang mengembangkan, membuat, memberi lisensi, dan mendukung berbagai produk dan jasa terkait dengan Komputer. Microsoft merupakan pembuat perangkat lunak terbesar di dunia menurut pendapatannya. Perusahaan ini berhasil mendominasi pasar sistem operasi komputer pribadi dengan MS-DOS nya pada pertengahan an, diikuti dengan jajaran sistem operasi Microsoft Windows. Penawaran umum perdana Microsoft tahun , dan kenaikan tajam harga sahamnya, menciptakan tiga miliuner dan Sejak an, perusahaan ini semakin terdiversifikasi dari pasar sistem operasi dan telah melakukan sejumlah akuisisi perusahaan.

Tahun , Microsoft adalah pendominasi pasar sistem operasi PC dan pasar perangkat lunak perkantoran bersama Microsoft Office. Perusahaan ini juga memproduksi serangkaian perangkat lunak untuk desktop dan server, dan aktif di sejumlah bidang seperti pencarian Internet Bing , industri permainan video konsol Xbox dan Xbox , pasar layanan digital MSN , dan telepon genggam Windows Phone OS. Bulan Juni , Microsoft mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan memasuki pasar vendor PC untuk pertama kalinya melalui peluncuran komputer tablet Microsoft Surface.

Pada tahun an, para kritikus mulai menuduh bahwa Microsoft menjalankan praktik bisnis monopolistik dan strategi anti-persaingan, termasuk penolakan persetujuan dan pengikatan , membuat batasan yang tidak masuk akal dalam penggunaan perangkat lunaknya, dan melakukan taktik pemasaran yang tidak representatif; baik Departemen Kehakiman AS dan Komisi Eropa menyatakan perusahaan ini melanggar hukum antitrust.

Perusahaan ini dianggap sebagai salah satu perusahaan teknologi Big Four bersama dengan Apple Inc. Paul Allen dan Bill Gates , sesama teman masa kecil yang menggemari pemrograman komputer , berusaha membuat bisnis yang sukses dengan memanfaatkan kemampuan mereka.

Allen mengetahui bahwa mereka bisa memprogram penerjemah BASIC untuk alat tersebut; setelah mendapat panggilan telepon dari Gates yang mengklaim bahwa mereka punya penerjemah, MITS langsung minta didemonstrasikan. Karena saat itu mereka memang tidak punya penerjemah, Allen membuat sebuah simulator untuk Altair, sementara Gates mengembangkan penerjemahnya. Microsoft memasuki bisnis SO sistem operasi pada bulan dengan Unix versinya sendiri bernama Xenix.

Karena berbagai faktor, seperti pilihan perangkat lunak MS-DOS yang tersedia, Microsoft langsung menjadi vendor sistem operasi PC terdepan pada masanya. Microsoft memperkenalkan perangkat lunak perkantorannya, Microsoft Office , tahun Perangkat lunak ini terdiri dari beberapa aplikasi produktivitas kantor, seperti Microsoft Word dan Microsoft Excel. Di bawah lisensi per prosesor, sebuah OEM membayar Microsoft royalti untuk setiap komputer yang dijualnya yang berisi mikroprosesor tertentu, apakah OEM tersebut menjual komputer dengan sistem operasi Microsoft atau sistem operasi non-Microsoft.

Akibatnya, pembayaran royalti ke Microsoft ketika tidak ada produk Microsoft yang digunakan berperan sebagai penalti, atau pajak, terhadap pemakaian sistem operasi PC saingan oleh OEM tersebut. Sejak , pemakaian lisensi per prosesor oleh Microsoft terus meningkat. Setelah “memo Internet Tidal Wave” internal Bill Gates tanggal 26 Mei , Microsoft mulai merancang ulang penawarannya dan memperluas jajaran produknya ke jaringan komputer dan World Wide Web.

Internet Explorer tidak disertakan dengan kotak eceran Windows 95 karena kotak tersebut dicetak sebelum tim menyelesaikan pengembangan peramban web tersebut, dan baru disertakan dalam paket Windows 95 Plus!. Tanggal 13 Januari , Bill Gates menyerahkan jabatan CEO kepada Steve Ballmer , teman lama Gates di perguruan tinggi dan karyawan perusahan ini sejak , dan menciptakan jabatan baru untuk dirinya sebagai Kepala Arsitek Perangkat Lunak.

Kritikus menyatakan aliansi ini merupakan cara untuk memaksakan batasan tanpa pandang bulu tentang bagaimana konsumen memakai perangkat lunak dan bagaimana komputer bereaksi, suatu bentuk manajemen hak digital ; misalnya, sebuah komputer tidak hanya diamankan untuk pengguna, tetapi juga diamankan melawan pengguna.

Microsoft , [32] menyebut perusahaan ini melakukan “monopoli kasar”; [33] perusahaan ini menyelesaikan kasus ini dengan Departemen Kehakiman AS tahun Dirilis bulan Januari , versi Windows selanjutnya, Windows Vista , berfokus pada fitur, keamanan, dan antarmuka pengguna baru yang dijuluki Aero. Penjualan kedua produk yang relatif kuat membantu menciptakan rekor laba tahun Microsoft menyatakan bahwa mereka patuh dan “denda tersebut berkaitan dengan masalah lama yang sudah diselesaikan”.

Bill Gates mengundurkan diri dari jabatannya sebagai Kepala Arsitek Perangkat Lunak pada 27 Juni dan memegang jabatan lain di Microsoft selain menjadi penasihat perusahaan pada proyek-proyek utama. Fokus Windows 7 adalah memperbaiki Vista dengan fitur yang mudah digunakan dan pemutakhiran performa, alih-alih merombak total Windows. Seiring ledakan industri telepon cerdas yang dimulai tahun , Microsoft berusaha sejajar dengan pesaingnya, Apple dan Google , dalam penyediaan sistem operasi telepon cerdas modern.

Sebagai hasilnya, pada tahun , Microsoft merombak sistem operasi telepon genggamnya yang sudah tua, Windows Mobile , dan menggantinya dengan Windows Phone OS yang baru; bersama strategi baru dalam industri telepon cerdas, Microsoft terus bekerja sama dengan manufaktur telepon genggam seperti Nokia dan menyediakan pengalaman pengguna yang konsisten di semua telepon cerdas yang memakai Windows Phone OS.

SO ini menggunakan bahasa desain antarmuka pengguna yang baru, “Metro”, yang menampilkan bentuk, tipografi, dan ikonografi sederhana. Microsoft adalah anggota pendiri Open Networking Foundation pada 23 Maret Organisasi nirlaba ini berfokus pada penyediaan dukungan untuk inisiatif komputasi awan baru bernama Software-Defined Networking.

Setelah peluncuran Windows Phone 7, Microsoft perlahan melakukan pencitraan ulang seluruh jajaran produknya antara dan Logo, produk, layanan, dan situs web diperbarui dengan fitur indah bahasa desain Metro.

Tanggal 31 Mei , Microsoft merilis versi pratinjau perangkat lunak Windows 8 generasi selanjutnya. Perangkat lunak ini dirancang untuk beragam peralatan mulaidari tablet hingga komputer meja. Tanggal 23 Agustus , Microsoft memperkenalkan logo perusahaan yang baru pada pembukaan toko Microsoft ke di Boston, menandakan perpindahan fokus perusahaan dari gaya klasik ke antarmuka kotak-kotak Metro yang dipakai pada platform Windows Phone , Xbox , dan jajaran produk Windows 8 dan Office Suite selanjutnya.

Setelah Microsoft merilis versi pratinjau perangkat lunak Windows 8 , Microsoft kembali mengembangkan Perangkat Lunaknya yang baru yaitu Windows Windows 8 bisa dibilang gagal untuk menarik minat para pelanggan. Perangkat lunak ini dirancang untuk beragam peralatan mulai dari tablet hingga Komputer. Kelebihan Windows 10 adalah Start Menu yang baru, memiliki Asisten Pribadi yaitu bernama Cortana , memiliki Browser baru penganti Internet Explorer yaitu Microsoft Edge , bisa menjadi Mode Tablet jika anda memiliki Gadget Hybrid Jenis Komputer yang bisa berubah menjadi Tablet , memiliki Task View fungsinya adalah melihat aplikasi-aplikasi yang kita buka.

Microsoft ingin mengembangkan perangkat lunak untuk mengantikan Windows Divisi Client memproduksi lini sistem operasi Windows seperti Windows 7 ; divisi ini juga memproduksi keluarga produk dan jasa Windows Live. Produk-produk server lainnya meliputi: Microsoft SQL Server , sebuah sistem manajemen pangkalan data relasional , Microsoft Exchange Server , untuk fitur surel dan penjadwalan khusus bisnis, Small Business Server , untuk fitur pesan dan lainnya khusus bisnis kecil; dan Microsoft BizTalk Server , untuk manajemen proses bisnis.

Microsoft Press , yang menerbitkan buku, juga dikelola oleh divisi ini. Microsoft Business Division memproduksi Microsoft Office , termasuk Microsoft Office , lini perangkat lunak perkantoran Microsoft. Produk perangkat lunaknya meliputi Word pengolah kata , Access program pangkalan data relasional , Excel program lembar bentang , Outlook perangkat lunak kolaboratif , sering digunakan bersama Exchange Server , PowerPoint program presentasi , Publisher perangkat lunak penerbitan desktop dan Sharepoint.

Divisi ini juga mengembangkan perangkat lunak perencanaan sumber daya perusahaan ERP untuk perusahaan-perusahaan di bawah merek Microsoft Dynamics. Semuanya ditargetkan pada berbagai jenis perusahaan dan negara, dan terbatas pada organisasi di bawah 7.

Windows CE dirancang untuk peralatan yang sistem operasinya tidak terlihat langsung oleh pengguna akhir, khususnya peralatan rumah tangga dan mobil.

Microsoft Entertainment and Devices Division merancang, memasarkan, dan membuat elektronik konsumen seperti konsol permainan Xbox , pemutar media genggam Zune , dan perangkat Internet berbasis televisi MSN TV. Microsoft juga memasarkan perangkat keras komputer pribadi seperti tetikus , papan tombol , dan berbagai kontroler permainan seperti joystick dan gamepad. MSDN juga menawarkan paket berlangganan untuk perusahaan dan perorangan, dan paket langganan yang lebih mahal biasanya mencakup akses ke versi beta perangkat lunak Microsoft sebelum diluncurkan.

Para pemberi solusi diseleksi secara sejawat atau oleh karyawan Microsoft untuk mendapatkan status Microsoft Most Valuable Professional MVP , yang memberikan mereka status sosial istimewa, penghargaan, serta keuntungan lainnya. Terkenal karena leksikon internalnya, istilah “eating our own dog food” dipakai untuk mendeskripsikan kebijakan memakai versi prarilis dan beta produk-produk Microsoft untuk mengujinya dalam situasi “dunia nyata”. Microsoft adalah penentang keras batas visa H1B , yang memungkinkan perusahaan-perusahaan di Amerika Serikat mempekerjakan pekerja asing tertentu.

Bill Gates mengklaim batas pada visa H1B menjadikannya sulit untuk mempekerjakan karyawan untuk Microsoft, dengan menyatakan “Aku akan menyingkirkan batas H1B” pada tahun Kritik terhadap Microsoft sudah ada sejak perusahaan ini berdiri dikarenakan berbagai aspek produk dan praktik bisnisnya. Kemudahan penggunaan , stabilitas, dan keamanan perangkat lunak perusahaan selalu menjadi target empuk para kritikus. Contohnya, kuda Troya dan celah lainnya telah menyebar ke banyak pengguna akibat kesalahan keamanan Microsoft Windows dan program-program lain.

Microsoft juga dituduh memblokir vendor agar menjual produk mereka saja, serta tidak mematuhi dan mengikuti standar-standar perangkat lunaknya sendiri. Perusahaan ini pernah menjadi target berbagai tuntutan hukum oleh sejumlah pemerintahan negara dan perusahaan lain atas praktik monopolistik yang tidak sah. Pada tahun , Uni Eropa menyatakan Microsoft bersalah dalam sebuah kasus anti-trust yang sangat terkenal.

Selain itu, EULA Microsoft untuk beberapa programnya sering dikecam karena terlalu restriktif dan menolak perangkat lunak sumber terbuka. Kritik terhadap Microsoft berujung pada julukan ” kerajaan iblis ” pada perusahaan ini oleh sejumlah pihak. Julukan ini merefleksikan pandangan bahwa Microsoft sering mengambil teknologi dari perusahaan lain alih-alih mengembangkannya sendiri, [74] serta kemampuan Microsoft untuk beradaptasi dengan dan mengalahkan strategi pesaingnya.

Perusahaan ini dijalankan oleh dewan direktur yang terdiri dari orang-orang luar perusahaan, sebagaimana perusahaan-perusahaan yang diperdagangkan publik. Ada lima komite di dalam dewan yang bertanggung jawab atas urusan-urusan yang lebih spesifik. Komite-komite tersebut adalah Audit Committee, yang mengurus akuntansi, termasuk audit dan pelaporan; Compensation Committee, yang menyetujui kompensasi untuk CEO dan karyawan perusahaan lainnya; Finance Committee, yang menangani urusan keuangan seperti mengusulkan merger dan akuisisi; Governance and Nominating Committee, yang menangani berbagai urusan perusahaan, termasuk pencalonan anggota dewan; dan Antitrust Compliance Committee, yang berupaya mencegah perusahaan melanggar hukum antitrust.

Pada bulan Juli , dengan sembilan pembagian saham perusahaan, saham IPO apapun akan dikali ; jika seseorang membeli IPO hari ini setelah dibagi dan faktor lainnya, harganya menjadi 9 sen. Salah satu taktik bisnis Microsoft, yaitu ” ikuti, perluas, dan hentikan ,” awalnya mengikuti standar atau produk yang bersaing, kemudian memperluasnya menjadi versi sendiri yang kemudian tidak kompatibel dengan standar yang ada, yang pada akhirnya menghentikan persaingan yang tidak sejalan dengan versi baru Microsoft.

Untuk pertama kalinya dalam 20 tahun, Apple Inc. Pada tanggal 20 Juli , Microsoft mengalami kerugian kuartal pertamanya, meski mencetak rekor pendapatan untuk kuartal dan tahun fiskal tersebut.

Microsoft menempati peringkat ke dalam Guide to Greener Electronics edisi ke keluaran Greenpeace yang membuat daftar 18 perusahaan elektronik menurut kebijakan mereka terhadap bahan kimia beracun, pendauran ulang, dan perubahan iklim.

Panel surya tersebut menghasilkan sekitar 15 persen total energi yang dibutuhkan Microsoft pada bulan April Microsoft memanfaatkan transportasi alternatif. Perusahaan ini menciptakan sistem bus swasta terbesar di dunia, yaitu “Connector”, untuk mengangkut orang-orang dari luar perusahaan; untuk transportasi di lingkungan perkantoran, “Shuttle Connect” dioperasikan dengan armada mobil hibrida untuk menghemat bahan bakar. Perusahaan ini juga menyubsidi transportasi umum regional sebagai insentifnya.

Pada tahun , Microsoft mempekerjakan beberapa firma riset untuk melakukan studi independen yang membandingkan biaya kepemilikan total TCO Windows Server dengan Linux ; firma-firma tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa banyak perusahaan menganggap Windows lebih mudah digunakan ketimbang Linux, sehingga mereka yang memakai Windows dapat bekerja lebih cepat dan berujung pada pengeluaran perusahaan yang lebih rendah.

Sebagai bagian dari kampanye “Get the Facts”, Microsoft menekankan platform perdagangan. NET yang telah mereka kembangkan bekerja sama dengan Accenture untuk London Stock Exchange , dengan mengklaim bahwa Microsoft memiliki keandalan ” five nines “. Setelah mengalami pemadaman server dan dianggap tidak bisa diandalkan [] [] LSE mengumumkan pada tahun bahwa mereka berencana berhenti memakai produk Microsoft dan pindah ke Linux pada tahun Baker mengatakan bahwa, “Logo baru ini, dengan font Helvetica miring, memiliki celah di antara o dan s untuk menekankan sisi ” soft “-nya dan memberi kiasan gerakan dan kecepatan.

Our passion. Pada tahun , perusahaan ini mulai memakai logo tersebut di Amerika Serikat dan memulai iklan televisi dengan slogan tersebut, berubah dari slogan sebelumnya, yaitu ” Where do you want to go today?

Pada tanggal 23 Agustus , Microsoft meluncurkan logo perusahaan baru pada pembukaan Microsoft Store ke di Boston. Penggantian logo ini menandakan pengalihan fokus perusahaan dari gaya klasik ke antarmuka modern serba kotak yang akan dipakai di platform Windows Phone, Xbox , dan Windows 8 dan Office Suites.

Lompat ke isi Halaman Pembicaraan. Bahasa Indonesia. Baca Sunting Sunting sumber Lihat riwayat. Lainnya Baca Sunting Sunting sumber Lihat riwayat.

Komunitas Warung Kopi Portal komunitas Bantuan. Dalam proyek lain Wikimedia Commons. Bahasa Di Wikipedia ini, pranala bahasa terletak di bagian atas halaman di sebelah judul artikel. Pergi ke paling atas. Daftar isi.

 

– Microsoft Office – Wikipedia

 
Archived from the original on June 29, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Lenovo picked Nigeria in to release its smartphone because unlike South Africa and other African countries, there is no requirement to partner with a local telecom firm to sell its phones. Retrieved July 23,